1.1. Problem BackgroundGear is one of the machine element that is often found in the engine - the engine as mover of motion (especially rotation). Therefore, the need for adequate knowledge in order to understand the working principle of a machine equipped with gears. With the establishment of this paper, students are expected to know the basic concepts of gears.1.2. PurposeTo know the gear and gear types.To know the basic principles of working gears.To find out how to manufacture the gears.1.3. Problem FormulationOf the above problems, it can be formulated in several major issues, namely:A. What is the function of the gear?2. What type of gear?3. What about the working principles of gear?4. How to manufacture gear?5. How do the calculation in gear?
Chapter 2
A. DefinitionThe gears are one type of transmission elements that are essential to a displacement movement (especially rotation), the power or energy in a transmission system between the drive with a movable and which has a characteristic shape (special profiles).
2. The working principleConstruction of the gear pair has a working principle is based on the wheel motion. Shape of the teeth is made to eliminate the slip condition, so that the transmission power can turn and run well.
Moreover, it can achieve speeds around-(Vc) is equal to the circle tangent pair of gears. Tangent circle is called the pitch circle or circle pin which is an imaginary circle on a pair of gears, but was instrumental in the planning of construction gear.On a pair of gears is necessary to note, that the arc distance between two adjacent teeth (called "pictch") on the second gear to be the same, so the link between your teeth can last well.The curvature in a tooth profile, can not be made arbitrarily; but follow certain curves that can guarantee a good contact with the teeth.
3. Dental profiles.To get the state of motion and power transmission is good, then the tooth profile must have a regular shape so that the tooth contact takes place smoothly. Therefore, tooth profile is created with a specific geometric shape, so that the angular velocity ratio between the gear pair should always be the same.In order to meet these three types of construction known tooth profile, namely:
3.1. Construction evolvent curveIs the curve formed by a point which lies on a straight line on a revolving cylinder sound or curve formed by a single point on a rope stretched from a coil on the cylinder.
Evolvent profit curve.A. Tooth profile creation is easy and precise, because it uses the cutter (knife cut) are straight.2. The accuracy of the distance axis gear pairs do not need to be very precise.3. If there is a change of head gear or gear construction to a change in the construction can be done by Sutter (cutting blade).4. With the same module, although the number of teeth is different, then the pair can be exchanged.5. Direction and pressure profiles are the same tooth.
3.2. Sikloida curve construction.Sikloida profile is used as the workings of a gear pair sikloida same as two interlocking circles with the rolling of a single-partner.Sikloida curve is the curve formed by a point on a circle rolling on a rolling track.
Construction of the state of the gear pair, then the curve can sikloida pa ¬ Beru:
a. Orthosikloida, ¬ linding shook circle rolling on a straight line path.b. Episikloida, circle rolling on the rolling track of the outside of the circle.c. Hiposikloida, rolling circle ¬ ding on the side of the rolling track circle.
Tooth profile sikloida work in pairs and with precision so that the distance axis can not be exchanged easily, unless the same are made in pairs.The advantage of using sikloida profile:A. Able to accept a greater burden.2. Wear and hit a smaller place.3. Suitable for precision use.4. Number of teeth can be made less.In the manufacturing process using a rolling wheel pairs; (generating method) is:Rolling wheel 1 (cutter) is used to form the profile gears 2, and vice versa, as the wheels rolling 2 wheels rolling a pair, forming a gear profile.
3.3. Equidistanta profile.Curve from the same distance to sikloida formed by rolling wheels rolling 2 to lane partner.This profile is used the construction of the gear pair profiles with a pen (not a GJ mate but within a circular calibration on a wheel). And, more generally used in teeth and chain links.
Construction tooth profile is used at a ratio of the transmission links of the great example; for player of the crane and construction partner instead of two gears, but one with a wheel gear chain pen.
4. Batasan-batasan/istilah gear.A. Pitch circle: the circle line of the shadow, the distance between the teeth should meet / coincides to a pair of gears.2. Pitch diameter: the distance between the diameter of the pin diameter.3. Circular pitch: arc length distance between the two adjacent teeth (for distance).4. Addendum: high gear outside the circle of the distance between the "high gear head".5. Dedendum: high gear in a circle the distance between the "high-gear legs"6. Clearance: respite between legs high gear with teeth that mesh heads.7. Backlash: perbedan between the width of each tooth which captures the distance between the circles.8. Press angle: the angle between the tangent distance between, the press line.9. Press lines: lines resulting from the relationship of points memo keg tap and point of tangency circle distance between two gears.10. Base circle: circle the offending line from the center of the gears press ¬ li. Contact path length: the length of the contact line / tap line from the point11. initial contact to the point of loose gear tooth contact on the tooth profile of the fixed and rotating.
5. Calculation
Outer diameter (Da)Da = (2/cosβ) m
Pitch diameter (Dp)Dp = 2.m/cosβ
Dental Highh = (2.1 - 2.2) mha = addedum
= 1. mhf = dedendum
= 2. m
Tooth width (b)b = 10. m
Inside diameter (Df)Df = Dp - 2hf
Module (m)m = t / π
WHEELS ON THE CALCULATION OF TEETH
Head of the divisor is an important equipment in the milling machine, is always required for the operation of the division or to pengefraisan mengefrais surfaces (angled) with (on) a certain angle.There are some who use sharing techniques are:A. A simple calculation2. Direct calculation3. Calculation of angles4. Calculation of Differential
A. A simple calculationBecause the 40 rounds (40:1 ratio) of the screw worm produces a rotation of the workpiece, then for T equal division of the workpiece each division is 1: T = 1 / T of the circle. And the worm screw to be rotated:Nc = 40 / T = ratio / T = i / T (round)Note: T = division dikehendalii = ratioNc = round worm screwWhen the desired distribution of more than 40 screw worms have played less than 1 round. If T is less than 40 pieces should be turned into a series of numbers and fractions. And the last fractions should be changed to one of the denominator equal to the number on the index plate.Numerator will show the number of holes that we must turn to the index plate to add a full round of division is obtained.
Example: Calculate Nc to 12 divisionNc === 3 = 3 = 33 means the full rotation of the screw worm6 means that the hole must be played18 rtinya number of holes in the divider plate
2. Direct calculationTo accelerate the creation of the workpiece (a) dividing heads multangular used directly as lump divider plate has a divider that can be replaced and installed directly on spindelnya.Divider plate divided by 2:A. With V grooveMemepunyai usually 24 or 60 division.To 24 division: 2,3,4,6,8,12,24.To 60 division: 2,3,4,5,6,10,12,15,20,30,60.To facilitate the new position, the divider plate has a number of distribution points that can be created on one side.2. With holesNumber of holes that has a number engraved on the divider plate in the circular. To calculate the number of holes desired divider plate should be rotated to achieve a new position, the number of holes in the divider plate divided by the division that we want.Example: The division made 6, number of holes in the divider plate 24 holes. So the number of holes played = 24: 6 = 4 holes.The process of direct divisionIn this case the head of the divisor used is the universal dividing heads where the number of division and rotation angle can be made much more. Divisions or angle worm gear is passed through by a single screw worm ratio is 40: 1.End of the threaded shaft mounted worm. Index pin mounted on the player, who matched the index of the desired plate hole. The player can be set to match the pin-index kebermacam kind of circular holes on the index plate. Plat index itself can be changed. Index plate mounted on the body of the bolt head by a spring-loaded dividers. To further simplify penepat plus arm.For some universal dividing heads can be rotated screw worm out of worm gear. Universal dividing heads have at least 3 pieces of plate index. Each plate has a hole sepusat index, the same hole spacing.Plate index in the first setNo.plat Total Number of holes per circle circle1 6 15: 18: 21: 29: 37: 432 6 16: 19: 23: 31: 39: 473 6 17: 20: 27: 23: 41: 49
2. Calculation of anglesSometimes making the slit or slot machine related to one another, or the slot indicated by the angle determined by the angle from the center circle until the desired angle.One round of the worm screw rotating workpiece 1/40 round (i = 40:1)By degrees, a rotation of the screw worm is a Nc = 360 º / 40 º = 9 ºDescription: Nc = round worm screwα = angle requiredi = ratio
Example 1:To obtain the angle of 36 º, we have to rotate the screw wormNc = 36 º: 360 º / 40 = 36 º. 40/360 º = 4 roundsGeneral formula:Nc = the required angle x ratioFirst-degree rotation of the workpiece inNc = α / α 9 º. i/360 ºif, i = 40: 1 Nc = α / 9 ºif, i = 60: 1 Nc = α / 6 º
Example 2:Index (α) 610 20 '(if required / requested the division of each 10', we use the index plate 54)Nc === 6 = 6So six full rounds plus 22 holes on the divider plate with a hole 27 pieces.
3. Calculation of DifferentialWith the method of differential distribution we can do every job sharing. Divider plate is not turned off but must be able to move, which was played by a gear-change (motion correction). Additional motion was moved from the main shaft dividers, through gear-change gear and passed by an umbrella or a helix gears to the divider plate.Note: This method can not be done in the vertical division method, pemfraisan spiral.This differential distribution techniques must use the numbers that can be shared with the division well, and close to the desired distribution.Steps:a. Determine the divisor T 'b. Menyghitung number of revolutions Nc player leverc. Calculate a series of gear-change Rd. Determine the direction of rotation of the divider plateWheel - gear-change: 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 56, 64, 72, 86, 100, 127.Plate - plate pemabagi: 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 27, 29, 31, 33, 37, 39, 41, 43, 47, 49.
6. Gear manufacturing.Profile on the gear teeth can be made by:A. Cut (frais, Sekrap, Habbing).2. Diroll (profiles tiny teeth).3. Cast (as the initial process).
6.1. Process of the cut.A. Direct the formation of each tooth profile by means of a milling cutter finger gears, gear cutting tool sekrap. The implementation is assisted by "dividing heads" which means the holder of a gear material that can be set (in turn) the material position of the cutter position, so that the tooth profile can be regularly made away. .The disadvantage, the lack of precision craftsmanship, because of the tolerance that occurs at the distance of each pitch tooth.Shape of the teeth that can be made: straight gears, straight umbrella gears, toothed rod.
2. How to "Generating method" has a different cutting principle, because the shape of the blade had snapped like a thread pliable.Tooth profile on the workmanship is formed gradually around the gear material. Material also rotates continuously during cutting.Cutter and the gear that spins the material together will produce a precise tooth form profile.A range of cutting blades (in a module) can be used to create all sorts of number of teeth (at least z = 12).This process can only be used to make a spur gear (straight teeth or tooth oblique) and the worm gear (worm gear and worm shaft)
Chapter 2
A. DefinitionThe gears are one type of transmission elements that are essential to a displacement movement (especially rotation), the power or energy in a transmission system between the drive with a movable and which has a characteristic shape (special profiles).
2. The working principleConstruction of the gear pair has a working principle is based on the wheel motion. Shape of the teeth is made to eliminate the slip condition, so that the transmission power can turn and run well.
Moreover, it can achieve speeds around-(Vc) is equal to the circle tangent pair of gears. Tangent circle is called the pitch circle or circle pin which is an imaginary circle on a pair of gears, but was instrumental in the planning of construction gear.On a pair of gears is necessary to note, that the arc distance between two adjacent teeth (called "pictch") on the second gear to be the same, so the link between your teeth can last well.The curvature in a tooth profile, can not be made arbitrarily; but follow certain curves that can guarantee a good contact with the teeth.
3. Dental profiles.To get the state of motion and power transmission is good, then the tooth profile must have a regular shape so that the tooth contact takes place smoothly. Therefore, tooth profile is created with a specific geometric shape, so that the angular velocity ratio between the gear pair should always be the same.In order to meet these three types of construction known tooth profile, namely:
3.1. Construction evolvent curveIs the curve formed by a point which lies on a straight line on a revolving cylinder sound or curve formed by a single point on a rope stretched from a coil on the cylinder.
Evolvent profit curve.A. Tooth profile creation is easy and precise, because it uses the cutter (knife cut) are straight.2. The accuracy of the distance axis gear pairs do not need to be very precise.3. If there is a change of head gear or gear construction to a change in the construction can be done by Sutter (cutting blade).4. With the same module, although the number of teeth is different, then the pair can be exchanged.5. Direction and pressure profiles are the same tooth.
3.2. Sikloida curve construction.Sikloida profile is used as the workings of a gear pair sikloida same as two interlocking circles with the rolling of a single-partner.Sikloida curve is the curve formed by a point on a circle rolling on a rolling track.
Construction of the state of the gear pair, then the curve can sikloida pa ¬ Beru:
a. Orthosikloida, ¬ linding shook circle rolling on a straight line path.b. Episikloida, circle rolling on the rolling track of the outside of the circle.c. Hiposikloida, rolling circle ¬ ding on the side of the rolling track circle.
Tooth profile sikloida work in pairs and with precision so that the distance axis can not be exchanged easily, unless the same are made in pairs.The advantage of using sikloida profile:A. Able to accept a greater burden.2. Wear and hit a smaller place.3. Suitable for precision use.4. Number of teeth can be made less.In the manufacturing process using a rolling wheel pairs; (generating method) is:Rolling wheel 1 (cutter) is used to form the profile gears 2, and vice versa, as the wheels rolling 2 wheels rolling a pair, forming a gear profile.
3.3. Equidistanta profile.Curve from the same distance to sikloida formed by rolling wheels rolling 2 to lane partner.This profile is used the construction of the gear pair profiles with a pen (not a GJ mate but within a circular calibration on a wheel). And, more generally used in teeth and chain links.
Construction tooth profile is used at a ratio of the transmission links of the great example; for player of the crane and construction partner instead of two gears, but one with a wheel gear chain pen.
4. Batasan-batasan/istilah gear.A. Pitch circle: the circle line of the shadow, the distance between the teeth should meet / coincides to a pair of gears.2. Pitch diameter: the distance between the diameter of the pin diameter.3. Circular pitch: arc length distance between the two adjacent teeth (for distance).4. Addendum: high gear outside the circle of the distance between the "high gear head".5. Dedendum: high gear in a circle the distance between the "high-gear legs"6. Clearance: respite between legs high gear with teeth that mesh heads.7. Backlash: perbedan between the width of each tooth which captures the distance between the circles.8. Press angle: the angle between the tangent distance between, the press line.9. Press lines: lines resulting from the relationship of points memo keg tap and point of tangency circle distance between two gears.10. Base circle: circle the offending line from the center of the gears press ¬ li. Contact path length: the length of the contact line / tap line from the point11. initial contact to the point of loose gear tooth contact on the tooth profile of the fixed and rotating.
5. Calculation
Outer diameter (Da)Da = (2/cosβ) m
Pitch diameter (Dp)Dp = 2.m/cosβ
Dental Highh = (2.1 - 2.2) mha = addedum
= 1. mhf = dedendum
= 2. m
Tooth width (b)b = 10. m
Inside diameter (Df)Df = Dp - 2hf
Module (m)m = t / π
WHEELS ON THE CALCULATION OF TEETH
Head of the divisor is an important equipment in the milling machine, is always required for the operation of the division or to pengefraisan mengefrais surfaces (angled) with (on) a certain angle.There are some who use sharing techniques are:A. A simple calculation2. Direct calculation3. Calculation of angles4. Calculation of Differential
A. A simple calculationBecause the 40 rounds (40:1 ratio) of the screw worm produces a rotation of the workpiece, then for T equal division of the workpiece each division is 1: T = 1 / T of the circle. And the worm screw to be rotated:Nc = 40 / T = ratio / T = i / T (round)Note: T = division dikehendalii = ratioNc = round worm screwWhen the desired distribution of more than 40 screw worms have played less than 1 round. If T is less than 40 pieces should be turned into a series of numbers and fractions. And the last fractions should be changed to one of the denominator equal to the number on the index plate.Numerator will show the number of holes that we must turn to the index plate to add a full round of division is obtained.
Example: Calculate Nc to 12 divisionNc === 3 = 3 = 33 means the full rotation of the screw worm6 means that the hole must be played18 rtinya number of holes in the divider plate
2. Direct calculationTo accelerate the creation of the workpiece (a) dividing heads multangular used directly as lump divider plate has a divider that can be replaced and installed directly on spindelnya.Divider plate divided by 2:A. With V grooveMemepunyai usually 24 or 60 division.To 24 division: 2,3,4,6,8,12,24.To 60 division: 2,3,4,5,6,10,12,15,20,30,60.To facilitate the new position, the divider plate has a number of distribution points that can be created on one side.2. With holesNumber of holes that has a number engraved on the divider plate in the circular. To calculate the number of holes desired divider plate should be rotated to achieve a new position, the number of holes in the divider plate divided by the division that we want.Example: The division made 6, number of holes in the divider plate 24 holes. So the number of holes played = 24: 6 = 4 holes.The process of direct divisionIn this case the head of the divisor used is the universal dividing heads where the number of division and rotation angle can be made much more. Divisions or angle worm gear is passed through by a single screw worm ratio is 40: 1.End of the threaded shaft mounted worm. Index pin mounted on the player, who matched the index of the desired plate hole. The player can be set to match the pin-index kebermacam kind of circular holes on the index plate. Plat index itself can be changed. Index plate mounted on the body of the bolt head by a spring-loaded dividers. To further simplify penepat plus arm.For some universal dividing heads can be rotated screw worm out of worm gear. Universal dividing heads have at least 3 pieces of plate index. Each plate has a hole sepusat index, the same hole spacing.Plate index in the first setNo.plat Total Number of holes per circle circle1 6 15: 18: 21: 29: 37: 432 6 16: 19: 23: 31: 39: 473 6 17: 20: 27: 23: 41: 49
2. Calculation of anglesSometimes making the slit or slot machine related to one another, or the slot indicated by the angle determined by the angle from the center circle until the desired angle.One round of the worm screw rotating workpiece 1/40 round (i = 40:1)By degrees, a rotation of the screw worm is a Nc = 360 º / 40 º = 9 ºDescription: Nc = round worm screwα = angle requiredi = ratio
Example 1:To obtain the angle of 36 º, we have to rotate the screw wormNc = 36 º: 360 º / 40 = 36 º. 40/360 º = 4 roundsGeneral formula:Nc = the required angle x ratioFirst-degree rotation of the workpiece inNc = α / α 9 º. i/360 ºif, i = 40: 1 Nc = α / 9 ºif, i = 60: 1 Nc = α / 6 º
Example 2:Index (α) 610 20 '(if required / requested the division of each 10', we use the index plate 54)Nc === 6 = 6So six full rounds plus 22 holes on the divider plate with a hole 27 pieces.
3. Calculation of DifferentialWith the method of differential distribution we can do every job sharing. Divider plate is not turned off but must be able to move, which was played by a gear-change (motion correction). Additional motion was moved from the main shaft dividers, through gear-change gear and passed by an umbrella or a helix gears to the divider plate.Note: This method can not be done in the vertical division method, pemfraisan spiral.This differential distribution techniques must use the numbers that can be shared with the division well, and close to the desired distribution.Steps:a. Determine the divisor T 'b. Menyghitung number of revolutions Nc player leverc. Calculate a series of gear-change Rd. Determine the direction of rotation of the divider plateWheel - gear-change: 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 56, 64, 72, 86, 100, 127.Plate - plate pemabagi: 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 27, 29, 31, 33, 37, 39, 41, 43, 47, 49.
6. Gear manufacturing.Profile on the gear teeth can be made by:A. Cut (frais, Sekrap, Habbing).2. Diroll (profiles tiny teeth).3. Cast (as the initial process).
6.1. Process of the cut.A. Direct the formation of each tooth profile by means of a milling cutter finger gears, gear cutting tool sekrap. The implementation is assisted by "dividing heads" which means the holder of a gear material that can be set (in turn) the material position of the cutter position, so that the tooth profile can be regularly made away. .The disadvantage, the lack of precision craftsmanship, because of the tolerance that occurs at the distance of each pitch tooth.Shape of the teeth that can be made: straight gears, straight umbrella gears, toothed rod.
2. How to "Generating method" has a different cutting principle, because the shape of the blade had snapped like a thread pliable.Tooth profile on the workmanship is formed gradually around the gear material. Material also rotates continuously during cutting.Cutter and the gear that spins the material together will produce a precise tooth form profile.A range of cutting blades (in a module) can be used to create all sorts of number of teeth (at least z = 12).This process can only be used to make a spur gear (straight teeth or tooth oblique) and the worm gear (worm gear and worm shaft)
6.2. Workmanship dirollThe work is done for the manufacture of gears with the relatively small modules.Tooth profile is created on the material of the rod is then cut according to the desired width.
6.3. The execution was pouredThis process is performed for the manufacture of gears with a module and a fairly large size, where this is done to save material.Casting process is done as the initial stage of tooth profile while making the process smoothing done dengan'permesinan.In the manufacture of a gear tooth number below 17 units (on a gear wheel has a special provision, namely the "correction of teeth".Dental correction is given as the manufacture of gears with a smaller number of teeth of gear 17 will be the form that is not ideal (critical) that occur on the neck form smaller teeth (like a snake's head) on the module is rather large, whereas in small modules, will occur narrow area between the distance of the nearest tooth profile.
7. Types of Gears.Besides classified by the position of the axis. The types of gears can be distinguished also from the state of tooth shape and groove construction is based on the shape and construction functions. ,7.1. Straight Gear.Is the shape of a gear tooth profile with a straight grooved axes parallel to the conditions of use.In the construction of a couple, its use contained in the three states,namely:• Gears of external straight (spur gear)• Internal Gears Straight (planetcry gear)• Gear Rack and pinion straight.
The use of straight gears is quite extensive, especially in the construction of general mechanical spurgear simple-to-moderate rotation and the relative burden of being.Of the three types of gears, then Internal Gear memilikitingkat difficulties of a rather difficult, due in determining the accuracy of the mounting axis.As for the type Rack and pinion gear, have specificity in its use, ie for converting rotary motion into rectilinear motion or vice versa, while the Pitch Rack gear has a straight axis. Loading the teeth have the most simple load distribution, the Normal style that breaks down into roving style (style targensial) and Radial force.
FN = Normal StyleFt = Tangential forceFr = radial forceαo = angle press
7.2. Tilt GearBasic geometric shapes with straight gears, but the direction of the flow profile has a slope of teeth on the spin axis.In addition to the position of the axis that is parallel, oblique Gears can be used also for mounting axes intersect.Given the slope of the line gear, the ratio of the contact that occurs is much larger than the size of a straight gears, so the transfer rotation and the load on teeth lasted more subtle. These properties are excellent for use at high speed and large load.
(Note the position of the spin axis in the figure above gears.)In addition, with the tilt angle (...) also resulted in aksiai style that should hold the pedestal bearing on its axis. Lubrication system must be considered carefully to increase the service life of the teeth rub against each other.Specifically for use in parallel axis position, as well as to neutralizeaksiai style of the case, made oblique gears ..... or lebig popularly calledGears "Herring bone", ie made of two teeth with a groove profile position opposite angle.Herring bone gears can be made in three types, namely:a. Herring bone with teeth V symmetricb. Herring bone with teeth crossed Vc. Herring bone with teeth V-cut center
Symmetric cross piece in the middle
Making Herring bone gears are very expensive, but has the ability to receive a huge load.The use of these gears are suitable pengtrasmisian with a fixed rotation, calm and no shock loads.State of the forces acting on the gear side (not the type of herring bone).Styles that work;
FN = Normal StyleFt = Tangential forceFr = radial forceαo = angle pressFa = axial forceβ = slope angle
7.3. Umbrella Gear.Gears umbrella is often referred to as the cone or Bevel Gear Gear. Common usage for pengtransmisian rotation axis and the load with an angled position in which most of the intersecting angle of 90 degrees. A special kind of umbrella hypoid gears, crossed axis position. The gears on the installation of one of the umbrellas are generally fitted with kanstruksi pedestal drift, especially on the driving gear.From the shape and direction of flow of his teeth, there are several types of gears umbrella, including:
7.3.1. Straight Umbrella GearFor this type has a simple construction than any other umbrella gear.Relatively easy to manufacture and its use for general construction of simple to moderate, both in receiving the load and turns.
7.3.2. Leaning Umbrella Gear Teeth.Also called Spiral bevel gear. Perbendaan the form of straight teeth with tooth shape Gears umbrella tilted at this, much as differences in the gears are straight with angled gears (Spur Gear), where the presence of the slope will increase the ability to accept the burden, reduce the noise that can be used on a higher round than straight tooth Gear umbrella at the same geometric size.
7.3.3. Umbrella Gear Zerol.Dental arch shape in the form of a spiral with a spiral angle zero degrees, so that the face of it looks like a straight gears with curved teeth. Umbrella Gear Zerol ability is more or less the same as Gears umbrella tilted teeth (Spiral), just making it harder and work more quiet and durable.
7.3.4. Umbrella Gear hypoid.Gear type of umbrella is more popularly used in motor vehicles only, but for general construction, mechanical requiring high speed and large dynamic loads can use this umbrella type gear. Groove forms a curved hypoid teeth, so the position of the axis is not perpendicular ¬ berpo Tongan, but intersect, so it would start ¬ moved her pedestal mounting pads on both wheels of his teeth.
7.4. Worm Gear.Worm Gears are used to position the axis of rotation intersect and pengtransmisian Reduction.On a pair of worm gears composed of worm shaft is always a worm wheel drive and a follower.Worm shaft materials are generally stronger than the worm wheel, worm shaft but it is generally made in the form of an integrated construction, where the worm is a spiral groove shape.like a screw with a cross-sectional profile of the teeth as other gear types.
In addition to the transmission system only, worm Gears are also used as a transmission lock, for example on lifting equipment.Pairs of the form of construction there are two types of worm gear construction, namely:A. Worm Gear Silindrik.2. Worm Gear Glogoid (Cone-drive).Difference of these two types there are in shape. As for the tooth profile curves have remained the same, so its use can vary between each worm rod with a worm wheel.
Gears Worm Gears Worm Silindrik Glogoid
6.3. The execution was pouredThis process is performed for the manufacture of gears with a module and a fairly large size, where this is done to save material.Casting process is done as the initial stage of tooth profile while making the process smoothing done dengan'permesinan.In the manufacture of a gear tooth number below 17 units (on a gear wheel has a special provision, namely the "correction of teeth".Dental correction is given as the manufacture of gears with a smaller number of teeth of gear 17 will be the form that is not ideal (critical) that occur on the neck form smaller teeth (like a snake's head) on the module is rather large, whereas in small modules, will occur narrow area between the distance of the nearest tooth profile.
7. Types of Gears.Besides classified by the position of the axis. The types of gears can be distinguished also from the state of tooth shape and groove construction is based on the shape and construction functions. ,7.1. Straight Gear.Is the shape of a gear tooth profile with a straight grooved axes parallel to the conditions of use.In the construction of a couple, its use contained in the three states,namely:• Gears of external straight (spur gear)• Internal Gears Straight (planetcry gear)• Gear Rack and pinion straight.
The use of straight gears is quite extensive, especially in the construction of general mechanical spurgear simple-to-moderate rotation and the relative burden of being.Of the three types of gears, then Internal Gear memilikitingkat difficulties of a rather difficult, due in determining the accuracy of the mounting axis.As for the type Rack and pinion gear, have specificity in its use, ie for converting rotary motion into rectilinear motion or vice versa, while the Pitch Rack gear has a straight axis. Loading the teeth have the most simple load distribution, the Normal style that breaks down into roving style (style targensial) and Radial force.
FN = Normal StyleFt = Tangential forceFr = radial forceαo = angle press
7.2. Tilt GearBasic geometric shapes with straight gears, but the direction of the flow profile has a slope of teeth on the spin axis.In addition to the position of the axis that is parallel, oblique Gears can be used also for mounting axes intersect.Given the slope of the line gear, the ratio of the contact that occurs is much larger than the size of a straight gears, so the transfer rotation and the load on teeth lasted more subtle. These properties are excellent for use at high speed and large load.
(Note the position of the spin axis in the figure above gears.)In addition, with the tilt angle (...) also resulted in aksiai style that should hold the pedestal bearing on its axis. Lubrication system must be considered carefully to increase the service life of the teeth rub against each other.Specifically for use in parallel axis position, as well as to neutralizeaksiai style of the case, made oblique gears ..... or lebig popularly calledGears "Herring bone", ie made of two teeth with a groove profile position opposite angle.Herring bone gears can be made in three types, namely:a. Herring bone with teeth V symmetricb. Herring bone with teeth crossed Vc. Herring bone with teeth V-cut center
Symmetric cross piece in the middle
Making Herring bone gears are very expensive, but has the ability to receive a huge load.The use of these gears are suitable pengtrasmisian with a fixed rotation, calm and no shock loads.State of the forces acting on the gear side (not the type of herring bone).Styles that work;
FN = Normal StyleFt = Tangential forceFr = radial forceαo = angle pressFa = axial forceβ = slope angle
7.3. Umbrella Gear.Gears umbrella is often referred to as the cone or Bevel Gear Gear. Common usage for pengtransmisian rotation axis and the load with an angled position in which most of the intersecting angle of 90 degrees. A special kind of umbrella hypoid gears, crossed axis position. The gears on the installation of one of the umbrellas are generally fitted with kanstruksi pedestal drift, especially on the driving gear.From the shape and direction of flow of his teeth, there are several types of gears umbrella, including:
7.3.1. Straight Umbrella GearFor this type has a simple construction than any other umbrella gear.Relatively easy to manufacture and its use for general construction of simple to moderate, both in receiving the load and turns.
7.3.2. Leaning Umbrella Gear Teeth.Also called Spiral bevel gear. Perbendaan the form of straight teeth with tooth shape Gears umbrella tilted at this, much as differences in the gears are straight with angled gears (Spur Gear), where the presence of the slope will increase the ability to accept the burden, reduce the noise that can be used on a higher round than straight tooth Gear umbrella at the same geometric size.
7.3.3. Umbrella Gear Zerol.Dental arch shape in the form of a spiral with a spiral angle zero degrees, so that the face of it looks like a straight gears with curved teeth. Umbrella Gear Zerol ability is more or less the same as Gears umbrella tilted teeth (Spiral), just making it harder and work more quiet and durable.
7.3.4. Umbrella Gear hypoid.Gear type of umbrella is more popularly used in motor vehicles only, but for general construction, mechanical requiring high speed and large dynamic loads can use this umbrella type gear. Groove forms a curved hypoid teeth, so the position of the axis is not perpendicular ¬ berpo Tongan, but intersect, so it would start ¬ moved her pedestal mounting pads on both wheels of his teeth.
7.4. Worm Gear.Worm Gears are used to position the axis of rotation intersect and pengtransmisian Reduction.On a pair of worm gears composed of worm shaft is always a worm wheel drive and a follower.Worm shaft materials are generally stronger than the worm wheel, worm shaft but it is generally made in the form of an integrated construction, where the worm is a spiral groove shape.like a screw with a cross-sectional profile of the teeth as other gear types.
In addition to the transmission system only, worm Gears are also used as a transmission lock, for example on lifting equipment.Pairs of the form of construction there are two types of worm gear construction, namely:A. Worm Gear Silindrik.2. Worm Gear Glogoid (Cone-drive).Difference of these two types there are in shape. As for the tooth profile curves have remained the same, so its use can vary between each worm rod with a worm wheel.
Gears Worm Gears Worm Silindrik Glogoid
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